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Taíno is an extinct and poorly attested Arawakan language historically spoken by the Taíno people of the Caribbean. At the time of Spanish colonization, it was the principal language throughout the Caribbean. Classic Taíno (Taino proper) was the native language of the northern Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and most of Hispaniola, and was expanding into Cuba. Ciboney is essentially unattested, but colonial sources suggest it was a dialect of Taino. It was the language of westernmost Hispaniola, the Bahamas, Jamaica, and most of Cuba. By the late 15th century, Taíno/Ciboney had displaced earlier languages except for western Cuba and pockets in Hispaniola. As the Taíno declined during Spanish colonization, the language was replaced with Spanish and other European languages. It was extinct within a hundred years of contact.〔 As the first native language encountered by Europeans in the New World, it was a major source of new words borrowed into European languages. ==Dialects== Granberry & Vescelius (2004) distinguish two dialects, one on Hispaniola and further east, and the other on Hispaniola and further west. *Classic (Eastern) Taino, spoken in Classic Taino and Eastern Taino cultural areas. These were the Leeward Islands north of Guadeloupe, Puerto Rico, central Hispaniola, and the Turks & Caicos (from an expansion in ca. 1200). Classic Taino was expanding into eastern and even central Cuba at the time of the Spanish Conquest, perhaps from people fleeing the Spanish in Hispaniola. *Ciboney (Western) Taino, spoken in Ciboney and Lucayan cultural areas. These were most of Cuba, Jamaica, western Hispaniola, and the Bahamas. The Lucayo (Bahamian) subdialect (or perhaps the Ciboney dialect) had /n/ where other dialects (or perhaps Classic Taino) had /r/. There is variation in accounts between "e" ~ "i" and "o" ~ "u", perhaps reflecting transcription of the three stable vowels of Arawakan into the five vowels of Spanish. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Taíno language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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